The ability to better simulate crop performance under conditions of water deficit is also needed to help determine irrigation management strategies that minimise irrigation input while maintaining yield. However, additional model processes that capture the effects of mulch on crop development and growth, as driven by soil temperature, are needed to help design intensive cropping systems to optimise land and water productivity. The evaluation shows that APSIM is suitable to use for wheat under the conditions of north-west India. In addition to complete reverse-engineering to achieve the required structure and modularity, the main changes are the introduction of a labile soil organic. 1) derives from the nitrogen routine in the CERES models (Godwin & Jones, 1992). APSIM does not attempt to capture the soil temperature driven effect of mulch on crop phenology. APSIM enables these contrasting approaches to be compared readily. The model accurately predicted total crop seasonal evaporation and the effect of mulch however, daily Es was poorly simulated. A group of authors have dealt with different aspects of crop modelling viz. However, grain yield was underpredicted (by 600-1000 kg ha(-1)) in treatments where the crop was subjected to water deficit stress, even though simulation of soil water dynamics, and the effect mulch on soil water content, was generally very good. This book on Crop Growth Simulation Modelling and Climate Change. The corresponding absolute RMSE values were 433 and 550 kg ha(-1) for grain yield (means 41 kg ha(-1)) and 300 and 800 kg ha(-1) for total biomass (means 10,2 kg ha(-1)). Abstract We used SUFI-2 for the first time to calibrate the phenology module of the APSIM-wheat model for 10 spring wheat cultivars cultivated in northeast Australia (south-eastern Queensland). The model predicted grain yield adequately, with coefficients of determination (r(2)) of 0.91 and 0.81 with and without mulch, respectively, and prediction of total biomass was even better, with r(2) of 0.99 and 0.92. daily soil evaporation (Es), total evapotranspiration (ET) and water productivity (WPET kg ha(-1) mm(-1)), using two years of data from field experiments at Ludhiana, Punjab. met files since many APSIM users, use R in their modelling pipeline, e.g., APSIMBatch 15 and apsimr 16. So, wrote a function, createmet(), that takes advantage of the POWER data API and the R APSIM package 14 to generate the proper weather. The model was evaluated for its ability to predict crop development, grain yield, biomass production over time, soil water dynamics. However, the POWER API did not offer properly formatted APSIM. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the APSIM model for its ability to simulate the effects of mulch and water management, and their interactions, for wheat in Punjab, India. Therefore, research on the interactions between residue and irrigation management on wheat crop performance and water use was initiated, using the dual approach of field experiments and crop modelling. With increasing interest in retaining crop residues on the soil surface, there is a need to evaluate their short- and long-term effects on crop yield and water and fertilizer requirements.